CHILD WITH A LUMP

 

DR SIMON ATTARD MONTALTO

 

 

History

 

The lump

Where?

How long for?

Changes in size, colour, texture?

Painful?

Warm?

Any preceeding problem?

 

Related symptoms:

Discharge?

Thyroid function?

Respiratory symptoms?

Gastrointestinal symptoms?

Genitourinary symptoms?

 

General symptoms

Malaise, lethargy?

Weight loss/gain?

Temperature?

Sweats?

Symptoms of anaemia?

Aches, bony pain?

 

Past history

Similar problem in past?

Previous illnesses.

 

Family history

 

Examination

 

Head/neck:

 

? lymphadenopathy,

? skin, subcutaneous tissue

? soft tissues

? bony

? thyroid

? other masses, evidence of disease

 

Thorax:

 

? lymphadenopathy,

? skin, subcutaneous tissue

? soft tissues

? bony

? other masses, evidence of disease

 

Abdomen:

 

? tender

? site

? size, consistency, surface, edge

? dull to percussion

? move with respiration

? warm, bruit

? margins (get above/below)

? other masses, evidence of disease

 

Limbs:

 

? lymphadenopathy,

? skin, subcutaneous tissue

? soft tissues

? bony

? other masses, evidence of disease

 

Investigations

 

Tailored to the differential diagnosis following the clues provided by the history and examination.  Not a blanket exercise sceening for every possibility!

 

Single/muliple enlarged LM – CBC and infection screen if infection is likely; imaging and bone marrow if neoplasia is suspected.

 

Solid Tumours

 

A What is it? (histology)

 

biopsy (needle, trucut, CT guided, open)

 

B How much? (staging)

 

Organ dysfunction         CBC, LFT, TFT

Bone Marrow               BM aspirate

Imaging                        CXR, x-rays, US, CT, MRI

Isotopes                        bone scan, thyroid

Specia                          MIBG